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Imamah (Shia doctrine)
Imamah () is the Shia Islam doctrine (belief) of religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah. The Shia believe that the Imams are the true Caliphs or rightful successors of Muhammad, and further that Imams are possessed of divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of Muhammad. These Imams have the role of providing commentary and interpretation of the Quran〔Sociology of religions: perspectives of Ali Shariati (2008) Mir Mohammed Ibrahim〕 as well as guidance to their tariqa followers as is the case of the living Imams of the Nizari Ismaili tariqah.
According to Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, the Imam is a means through which humans receive divine grace, because "He brings men closer to obedience (of Allah) and keeps them away from disobedience." As fulfilling the human being is his wish, it is logical that God appoint Imam to subject man to his wishes. So his existence and his deeds display two forms of grace of God toward man.
== Etymology ==
The word "Imām" denotes a person who stands or walks "in front". For Sunni Islam, the word is commonly used to mean a person who leads the course of prayer in the mosque. It also means the head of a ''madhhab'' ("school of thought"). However, from the Shia point of view this is merely the ''basic'' understanding of the word in the Arabic language and, for its proper religious usage, the word "Imam" is applicable ''only'' to those members of the house of Muhammad designated as infallible by the preceding Imam.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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